Measuring hope amongst Tanzanian women who participate in microfinance: An evaluation of the Snyder hope scale

ABSTRACT

Measuring hope reliably and accurately remains an important research objective, not least in less prosperous settings where ‘holding on to hope’ may be critically important in the struggle against adverse life conditions. The State Hope Scale was designed for use in the US. Despite reported application in diverse cultures and using translations the scale has not been extensively validated outside US populations. This study contributes to a larger project exploring the measurement of hope and provides a critique of Snyder’s scale as used in a Tanzanian female population of 1021 urban microfinance participants. We evaluate the scale’s validity through assessment of the empirical distribution of scores, item response profiles, internal consistency and discriminatory ability. Participants mostly scored very high and many reached very near the maximum attainable score. Hardly any endorsed the negative half of the response scale. Several problems are discussed including poor discrimination and strong evidence of acquiescence response bias. We also found little association of the scale scores with hypothesised correlates of hope. Future improvements on the measurement of hope are recommended, especially in studies outside the narrow Western context in which the scale was devised.     

2017年ACC/AHA高血压指南对贵阳城区40~79岁不同糖代谢状态人群高血压患病情况的可能影响

目的探讨2017年美国心脏病学会/美国心脏协会(ACC/AHA)指南提出的新的高血压诊断标准下贵阳城区40~79岁不同糖代谢状态人群的高血压患病情况,为高血压的诊断标准及高血压的治疗策略提供线索。方法回顾性分析了中国2型糖尿病患者肿瘤发生风险的流行病学(REACTION)研究贵阳分中心的10140名40~79岁居民,根据糖尿病病史及口服葡萄糖耐量试验结果分为血糖正常组、空腹血糖受损(IFG)组、糖耐量受损(IGT)组、IFG+IGT组、既往诊断糖尿病组及新诊断糖尿病组,计算在美国预防、检测、评估与治疗高血压全国联合委员会第七次报告(JNC 7)及2017年ACC/AHA的高血压指南标准下不同糖代谢状态人群的高血压患病情况。结果在JNC 7标准下,贵阳城区40~79岁血糖正常人群、糖尿病前期人群、糖尿病人群的高血压标准化患病率分别为8.19%、9.57%、8.19%。在2017年ACC/AHA标准下,高血压的标准化患病率分别为20.27%、16.35%、11.59%。相比之下,以血糖正常及IGT人群的高血压患病率增加最为显著。新增的高血压患者共1739例,其中25.8%需应用降压药物治疗。根据2010年第六次人口普查贵州省人口数据,估计贵阳市40~79岁糖尿病前期人群中新增的高血压患者约12.3万人,新增需治疗人数约2.0万人;糖尿病人群中新增高血压患者约6.8万人,新增需治疗人数约2.1万余人。结论2017年ACC/AHA高血压指南会使贵阳市城区40~79岁不同糖代谢状态人群的高血压患病率明显增加,糖尿病及糖尿病前期的高血压人群的需治疗比例也会相当高,社会医疗负担加重。     

微创穿刺抽吸术与开颅手术治疗脑出血的疗效

目的探讨微创穿刺抽吸术与开颅手术治疗脑出血的疗效。方法选择2017年1月-2018年1月治疗的脑出血患者80例作为对象,根据住院时间先后顺序随机数字表分为对照组(n=40)和观察组(n=40)。观察组给予患者微创穿刺抽吸术治疗,对照组给予患者开颅手术治疗,比较两组患者术后总治愈效率和手术开展时间、住院天数。结果观察组手术开展时间、住院天数短于对照组(P<0.05);观察组的总治愈效率为90%高于对照组75%(P<0.05);观察组患者术后意识恢复时间短于对照组(P<0.05)观察组患者术后肢体障碍及肺部感染、伤口感染发生率均略低于对照组,但差异不具有统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论微创穿刺抽吸术在脑出血临床治疗中比开颅手术总治愈率高、安全性高、恢复快。     

探讨中西医护理改善老年高血压患者生活质量的效果

目的探讨中西医结合护理改善老年高血压患者心理状态及生活质量的效果。方法在医院2018年1月—2018年6月就诊的老年高血压患者中选出60例,按照随机数字法的原则,分成研究组(n=30)和参考组(n=30)。参考组采用单一西医护理,研究组在此之外联合中医护理,比较两组患者的临床疗效。结果入院时研究组与参考组SAS、SDS、SF-6评分差异不显著(P>0.05),护理后1月、3月与参考组相比,研究组SAS、SDS评分显著降低(P<0.05),SF-6评分显著升高(P<0.05);研究组患者对中西结合护理满意度为96.67%,参考组患者对西医护理满意度为73.33%,研究组满意度较参考组高,差异显著(P<0.05)。结论中西医结合护理能够有效改善老年高血压患者的心理状态,提高生活质量。     

LACC临床随机对照试验研究的启示

LACC研究结果提示对于早期子宫颈癌患者，接受微创手术相比于开腹手术的患者有更高的复发率和更低的生存率。基于该研究结果，目前包括安德森癌症中心在内的国内外医疗机构均已停止或减少对ⅠA2～ⅠB1期子宫颈癌患者提供微创手术。文章在回顾LACC试验结果的同时，分析了目前妇科肿瘤学界对LACC研究结论存在的疑问及微创手术的改良空间，探讨了随机对照试验的临床价值及中国现状。     

协同模式对ICU清醒患者情绪状态的影响

目的探讨协同护理模式对ICU清醒患者情绪状态的影响。方法选择患者120例,采用随机数字表法分为观察组60例和对照组60例。观察组实施协同护理模式,对照组实施常规护理。干预后,使用焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)来比较二组干预效果。结果干预后,观察组心理焦虑和抑郁程度降低,与对照组相比,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论采用协同护理模式能够很好地改善患者的心理状况,促进患者的早日康复,提高其生活质量,值得在临床推广使用。     

改良大骨瓣联合软通道微创介入逐渐减压术治疗重型颅脑损伤的疗效分析

目的：探讨改良大骨瓣联合软通道微创介入逐渐减压术治疗重型颅脑损伤的疗效。方法方便选择自2009年12月—2014年11月该院收治的重型颅脑损伤病例70例,随机分为改良组和对照组2组,每组35例,改良组施行改良大骨瓣联合软通道微创介入逐渐减压术,对照组按标准大骨瓣开颅、硬脑膜一次性全切开,对比分析两组的并发症发生率及预后。结果改良组发生迟发性颅内血肿、大面积脑梗塞及弥漫性脑肿胀等并发症9例(25.7％,9/35),预后良好者23例(65.7％,23/35),对照组发生并发症19例(54.3％,19/35),预后良好者14例(40.0％,14/35),两组并发症发生率和预后差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论改良大骨瓣联合软通道微创介入逐渐减压术治疗重型颅脑损伤,效果良好,显著降低死亡率。     

健康教育在白血病护理中的应用效果

目的评价血液科白血病疾病护理中应用健康教育的临床效果,为白血病护理工作提供参考。方法选择医院收治的白血病患者,总计60例。进行白血病患者随机分组护理,对照组与试验组各30例白血病患者,分别采取常规护理和常规护理+健康教育,比较2组白血病患者的负性情绪、自我效能状况评分以及护理满意度、护理依从率。结果试验组白血病患者干预后SAS、SDS、GSES评分均明显优于对照组,护理满意度与护理依从率均明显高于对照组,指标差异具有统计学意义,P>0.05。结论血液科白血病治疗期间配合落实常规护理、健康教育可以在提高患者自我效能的同时提高患者的依从性,符合患者身心护理需求,整体护理效果显著。     

Validation d’une version française du 16-items Prodromal Questionnaire (fPQ16) chez des adolescents et jeunes adultes consultant en psychiatrie

IntroductionThe duration of untreated psychosis has been largely associated with poor outcomes in psychosis. Actual diagnostic tools may be used by very specialized teams and need sustained evaluation. We present a French version of a self-report questionnaire: the 16-item Prodromal Questionnaire (fPQ16). Our objective was to evaluate its predictive value for an ultra-high-risk state (UHR) or psychosis. The population enrolled was consulting in a young adults and adolescents center in Sainte-Anne hospital, Paris, France.MethodsPQ16 had first been translated into French and independently back translated and validated by the original authors. Between November 2016 and May 2018, every C’JAAD consulting patient was proposed to fill in the fPQ16. Each patient was next evaluated with the French version of the comprehensive assessment of at-risk mental state (CAARMS), which detects UHR or psychosis. Statistical analysis of fPQ16 concurrent validity was performed using ROC curves. fPQ16 acceptability was studied by four additional questions especially designed for that purpose.ResultsOne hundred participants were included. Mean age was 19.85 years (SD 3.3 y). Fifty-eight percent of patients included were diagnosed with UHR (40%) or psychotic (18%) state after CAARMS evaluation. Mean score at fPQ16 was 5.7 (SD 3.8). Best cut-off score was 4 positive items, with excellent sensibility (91%) and correct specificity (60%). Positive predictive value of fPQ16 was 76%. Area under the curve was 0.85 (P < 0.0001). fPQ16 showed good acceptability.DiscussionfPQ16 had good screening performances in our population. Cut-off score was lower than in previous studies, but performances were equal or better. As a well-accepted and short questionnaire, the fPQ16 could be a great screening tool in primary care. A version with 18-items, including two items focused on thought content and disorganization that are missing in PQ16, is under evaluation.